中考英语8大时态用法详解

一般将来时

1. 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

2. 时间状语：tomorrow, next day (week, month, year), soon, in a few minutes, by the day after tomorrow等。

3. 基本结构：

（1）主语 + am / is / are / going to do sth；

（2）主语 + will do sth。

否定形式：

（1）主语 + am / is /are + not + going to do sth  （2）主语 + will not（won’t） do sth

一般疑问句：

（1）am / is / are放于句首；（2）will置于句首。

4. will主要用于以下三个方面：

（1）表示主观意愿的将来。如：They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.

（2）表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来。

如：Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.  He will be thirty years old this time next year.

（3）表示临时决定，通常用于对话中。  — Mary has been ill for a week  — Oh, I didn’t know. I will go and see her.

5. be going to主要用于以下两个方面：

（1）表示事先经过考虑、打算、计划要做某事。如：Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。

（2）表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生，表示推测。

如：Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧！乌云密集。天要下雨了。

过去将来时

1. 概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。

2. 时间状语：the next day (morning, year), the following month (week)等。

3. 基本结构：

（1）主语 + was / were / going to do sth

（2）主语 + would do sth

否定形式：

（1）主语 + was / were / not + going to do sth

（2）主语 + would + not + do sth

一般疑问句：

（1）was或were放于句首； （2）would 提到句首。

4. 用法：

（1）“would + 动词原形”常表示主观意愿的将来。

如：He said he would come to see me. 他说他要来看我。

（2）“was / were + going to + 动词原形”常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。

如：She said she was going to start off at once.  I was told that he was going to return home.此结构还可表示根据某种迹象来看，很可能或即将发生的事情。

如：It seemed as if it was going to rain. 看来好像要下雨。

（3）come，go，leave，arrive，start等瞬时动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。

如：He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.She told me she was coming to see me.

现在完成时

1. 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始持续到现在并且有可能继续下去的动作或状态。

2. 时间状语：recently, lately, since, for, in the past few years等。

3. 基本结构：主语 + have / has + done +其他   否定形式：主语 + have / has + not +done +其他   一般疑问句：Have / Has +主语 + done +其他

4. since的三种用法：

（1） since +过去的一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。如：I have been here since 1989.  

（2） since +一段时间+ ago。 如：I have been here since five months ago.

（3）since +从句（一般过去时）。如：Great changes have taken place since you left.

比较since和for

since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间的长度。 如：We haven’t had any guests since we moved in here.

I have lived here for more than twenty years. 注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)

过去完成时

1. 概念：以过去某个时间为参照，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前已完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。

2. 时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month)等。

3. 基本结构：主语 + had done +其他  否定形式：主语 + hadn’t done +其他   一般疑问句：had置于句首。

4. 用法：

（1）用于told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中。如：She said (that) she had never been to Paris.

（2）在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先的动作用过去完成时；发生在后的动作用一般过去时。如：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

（3）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等用过去完成时表示“原本······，未能······”。如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.注意： had hardly… when ... 刚······就······。如：I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。 had no sooner…than 刚······就······。如：He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。